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Thursday, October 14, 2010

French Phonemic Vowels

The following chart shows the phonemic vowels of standard French.  In addition to those listed below, French also distinguishes three to four nasal vowels: /ɑ̃/ and /ɔ̃/ and /œ̃/ and /ɛ̃/ (although many speakers have merged /œ̃/ with /ɛ̃/.


For example: the following words each begin with the same sound /s/ and differ only in the vowel that follows (except soeur and sort which both end with /ʁ/): su /y/; sous /u/; ceux /ø/; se /ə/; c'est /e/; ses /ɛ/; soeur /œ/; sort /ɔ/; sein /ɛ̃/; sont /ɔ̃/; sans /ɑ̃/

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If you compare the French vowel chart to the IPA vowel chart (below), you will see that French alters the normal place of articulation for several of these vowels.  The /ɛ/ is slightly raised, as is the /e/, the /ɔ/ is slightly fronted, and the /a/ is retracted to be more central/ low.

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